Demystification of the true cost of water within industrial facilities

Abstract The aim of this work is to provide the necessary steps acquire total cost water at industrial facilities. Therefore, research was developed in three parts: literature review identify available tools related management; a case study context dairy industry; and an analysis discussion results achieved. Water applications for process utility end-users manufacturing require pre- post-treatment – these are interconnected assets that increase water, introduce system inefficiencies, thus, they represent challenge faced by companies energy/utility managers. A meta-analysis approach used examine data from several independent studies management, order determine overall trends. sources utilized during were water-related scientific publications, Master theses, books, companies, standards’ websites. highlight auditing can be investigate flows within productive processes entirely, as well individual units operations. present incorporates thinking about supply demand costs, opportunities, strategies, promoting energy systems providing internationally replicable solution calculate true water.